Gas fees across chains

When you submit a transaction to a blockchain and it seems to vanish - never included in a block, stuck in ...

The "nonce too low" error means your wallet has submitted a transaction with a sequence number that the net...

A simple ETH transfer costs different amounts at different times because the fee you pay is determined by n...

When you look at an Arbitrum transaction receipt, you see two separate fee components: the **execution gas*...

You don’t lose your extra gas. That’s the short answer. When you set a gas limit above what the transaction...

A gwei heatmap is a color-coded chart that shows how Ethereum network fees (and, on some sites, fees for ot...

A gas relayer is a service that submits a transaction to a blockchain on your behalf, paying the gas fee it...

MetaMask’s gas estimate is not always wrong, but it is often inaccurate enough to cost you money or cause a...

When a block is full, your transaction is held in the mempool - the waiting area for unconfirmed transactio...

A 1559-style fee market, first introduced on Ethereum with EIP-1559, works on Avalanche and Polygon by spli...

A pending transaction that refuses to confirm is usually stuck because the gas price you set is too low for...

Gas fees spike during an NFT drop because hundreds or thousands of people compete simultaneously to have th...

Yes, swap providers often give better rates for larger trades, but the improvement is not automatic or guar...

The quoted price for a floating rate swap can differ from the final confirmation because the underlying mar...

The real cost of a swap is never the single number at the top of the quote screen. You find it by comparing...

The spread in a crypto swap is the difference between the market price of an asset and the price you actual...

None of the fee you pay for a swap is paid to the blockchain. Every bit of it goes to the exchange. The net...

The blockchain with the lowest network fee for receiving swapped tokens is almost always a low-fee, high-th...

A fixed rate swap costs more than a floating rate one because the provider charges a premium for guaranteei...

Two swap sites show different final amounts for the same pair because each site applies its own combination...

Every Ethereum transaction pays a fixed cost before it does anything useful. That cost is 21,000 gas. It co...

The visible fee is rarely the full fee. Moving $1,000 to Arbitrum involves hidden costs that differ by path...

Before August 2021, Ethereum fees were a single number. You set a gas price; if it was high enough, a miner...

A plain Ether transfer costs 21,000 gas. That number is the baseline, the minimum work Ethereum requires to...

You send a transaction on Ethereum and the fee changes by the minute. To avoid overpaying - or getting stuc...

This is the single most misunderstood distinction in gas mechanics. Most people assume the gas limit is wha...

You have the token. You see the balance. The transaction fails anyway. The error reads "insufficient funds ...

The cheapest place to transact is rarely the place you first think of. Ethereum L1 costs real money. L2s cu...

Every transaction on a rollup like Optimism or Arbitrum has two cost components. The smaller one is the seq...

You click "mint" on an NFT project. One costs 80,000 gas. Another runs toward 200,000 gas or more. Why such...

An "out of gas" error means a transaction consumed its entire gas limit before the network could finish exe...

The public mempool is Ethereum's waiting room for unconfirmed transactions. When you submit a transaction, ...

A stuck Ethereum transaction isn't typically broken. It's waiting for confirmation in a queue the network p...

A Uniswap swap costs between 100,000 and 300,000+ gas on Ethereum mainnet. That range is wide because sever...

Start here: gas is not a currency. It is a unit of measurement. It measures computational work. Every actio...

There is no single answer to which Layer 2 is cheapest. Gas costs depend heavily on the operation you want ...